Grade 10. Mathematical Process
10.MPM2D Foundations of Mathematics (Applied)
- MPM2D.1 Mathematical process expectations
- MPM2D.1.1 Problem Solving
- MPM2D.1.1.1 develop, select, apply, and compare a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;
- Solve advanced linear equations (10-G.5)
- Solve advanced linear inequalities (10-H.10)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a word problem (10-L.10)
- Write linear functions to solve word problems (10-L.11)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing: word problems (10-M.3)
- Solve a system of equations using substitution: word problems (10-M.9)
- Solve a system of equations using elimination: word problems (10-M.11)
- Solve a system of equations using any method: word problems (10-M.13)
- Area of compound figures (10-Y.8)
- MPM2D.1.2 Reasoning and Proving
- MPM2D.1.2.1 develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., recognition of relationships, generalization through inductive reasoning, use of counter-examples) to make mathematical conjectures, assess conjectures, and justify conclusions, and plan and construct organized mathematical arguments;
- MPM2D.1.3 Reflecting
- MPM2D.1.3.1 demonstrate that they are reflecting on and monitoring their thinking to help clarify their understanding as they complete an investigation or solve a problem (e.g., by assessing the effectiveness of strategies and processes used, by proposing alternative approaches, by judging the reasonableness of results, by verifying solutions);
- MPM2D.1.4 Selecting Tools and Computational Strategies
- MPM2D.1.4.1 select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;
- Number lines (10-A.12)
- Coordinate plane review (10-F.1)
- Model and solve equations using algebra tiles (10-G.1)
- Write and solve equations that represent diagrams (10-G.2)
- Graph inequalities (10-H.1)
- Write inequalities from graphs (10-H.2)
- Interpret the graph of a function: word problems (10-J.11)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing (10-M.2)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing: word problems (10-M.3)
- Find the number of solutions to a system of equations by graphing (10-M.4)
- Add and subtract polynomials using algebra tiles (10-O.3)
- Construct an angle bisector (10-X.1)
- Construct a congruent angle (10-X.2)
- Cross-sections of three-dimensional figures (10-Z.13)
- Solids of revolution (10-Z.14)
- MPM2D.1.5 Connecting
- MPM2D.1.5.1 make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);
- GCF and LCM: word problems (10-A.5)
- Solve linear equations: word problems (10-G.10)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a word problem (10-L.10)
- Write linear functions to solve word problems (10-L.11)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing: word problems (10-M.3)
- Solve a system of equations using substitution: word problems (10-M.9)
- Solve a system of equations using elimination: word problems (10-M.11)
- Solve a system of equations using any method: word problems (10-M.13)
- Add polynomials to find perimeter (10-O.5)
- Pythagorean Theorem (10-DD.1)
- MPM2D.1.6 Representing
- MPM2D.1.6.1 create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;
- Write and solve equations that represent diagrams (10-G.2)
- Graph inequalities (10-H.1)
- Write inequalities from graphs (10-H.2)
- Graph solutions to one-step linear inequalities (10-H.7)
- Graph solutions to two-step linear inequalities (10-H.9)
- Graph solutions to advanced linear inequalities (10-H.11)
- Graph compound inequalities (10-H.12)
- Write compound inequalities from graphs (10-H.13)
- Graph solutions to compound inequalities (10-H.15)
- Relations: convert between tables, graphs, mappings and lists of points (10-J.1)
- Complete a function table from a graph (10-J.9)
- Complete a function table from an equation (10-J.10)
- Graph a proportional relationship (10-K.3)
- Write direct variation equations (10-K.4)
- Write and solve direct variation equations (10-K.5)
- Write inverse variation equations (10-K.7)
- Slope-intercept form: graph an equation (10-L.6)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a graph (10-L.7)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation (10-L.8)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a table (10-L.9)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a word problem (10-L.10)
- Complete a table and graph a linear function (10-L.12)
- Compare linear functions: graphs, tables and equations (10-L.13)
- Standard form: graph an equation (10-L.16)
- Graph a horizontal or vertical line (10-L.18)
- Point-slope form: graph an equation (10-L.19)
- Point-slope form: write an equation from a graph (10-L.21)
- Write an equation for a parallel or perpendicular line (10-L.23)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing (10-M.2)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing: word problems (10-M.3)
- Find the number of solutions to a system of equations by graphing (10-M.4)
- Model polynomials with algebra tiles (10-O.2)
- Add and subtract polynomials using algebra tiles (10-O.3)
- Describe linear and exponential growth and decay (10-S.6)
- MPM2D.1.7 Communicating
- MPM2D.1.7.1 communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.
- Solve equations: complete the solution (10-G.7)
- Interpret a scatter plot (10-I.6)
- Identify independent and dependent variables (10-J.3)
- Identify functions (10-J.4)
- Identify functions: vertical line test (10-J.5)
- Identify monomials (10-N.1)
- Polynomial vocabulary (10-O.1)
- Identify linear, quadratic and exponential functions from graphs (10-S.1)
- Identify linear, quadratic and exponential functions from tables (10-S.2)
- Identify hypotheses and conclusions (10-V.1)
- Counterexamples (10-V.2)
- Polygon vocabulary (10-Y.1)
- Classify quadrilaterals (10-Y.12)
- Three-dimensional figure vocabulary (10-Z.1)
- Parts of three-dimensional figures (10-Z.2)
- Nets and drawings of three-dimensional figures (10-Z.3)
- Classify triangles (10-BB.1)
- Identify medians, altitudes, angle bisectors and perpendicular bisectors (10-BB.5)
- MPM2D.2 Measurement and Trigonometry
- MPM2D.2.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.2.1.1 use their knowledge of ratio and proportion to investigate similar triangles and solve problems related to similarity;
- Identify similar figures (10-CC.1)
- Similarity ratios (10-CC.2)
- Similarity statements (10-CC.3)
- Side lengths and angle measures in similar figures (10-CC.4)
- Similar triangles and indirect measurement (10-CC.5)
- Perimeters of similar figures (10-CC.6)
- Similarity rules for triangles (10-CC.7)
- Similar triangles and similarity transformations (10-CC.8)
- Triangle Proportionality Theorem (10-CC.10)
- Areas of similar figures (10-CC.11)
- MPM2D.2.1.2 solve problems involving right triangles, using the primary trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem;
- MPM2D.2.1.3 solve problems involving the surface areas and volumes of three-dimensional figures, and use the imperial and metric systems of measurement.
- Introduction to surface area and volume (10-Z.4)
- Surface area of prisms and cylinders (10-Z.5)
- Surface area of pyramids and cones (10-Z.6)
- Volume of prisms and cylinders (10-Z.7)
- Volume of pyramids and cones (10-Z.8)
- Surface area and volume of spheres (10-Z.9)
- Surface area and volume review (10-Z.12)
- MPM2D.2.2 Solving Problems Involving Similar Triangles
- MPM2D.2.2.1 verify, through investigation (e.g., using dynamic geometry software, concrete materials), properties of similar triangles (e.g., given similar triangles, verify the equality of corresponding angles and the proportionality of corresponding sides);
- MPM2D.2.2.2 determine the lengths of sides of similar triangles, using proportional reasoning;
- MPM2D.2.2.3 solve problems involving similar triangles in realistic situations (e.g., shadows, reflections, scale models, surveying) (Sample problem: Use a metre stick to determine the height of a tree, by means of the similar triangles formed by the tree, the metre stick, and their shadows.).
- MPM2D.2.3 Solving Problems Involving the Trigonometry of Right Triangles
- MPM2D.2.3.1 determine, through investigation (e.g., using dynamic geometry software, concrete materials), the relationship between the ratio of two sides in a right triangle and the ratio of the two corresponding sides in a similar right triangle, and define the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios (e.g., sin A = opposite/hypotenuse);
- MPM2D.2.3.2 determine the measures of the sides and angles in right triangles, using the primary trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem;
- MPM2D.2.3.3 solve problems involving the measures of sides and angles in right triangles in real-life applications (e.g., in surveying, in navigation, in determining the height of an inaccessible object around the school), using the primary trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem (Sample problem: Build a kite, using imperial measurements, create a clinometer to determine the angle of elevation when the kite is flown, and use the tangent ratio to calculate the height attained.);
- MPM2D.2.3.4 describe, through participation in an activity, the application of trigonometry in an occupation (e.g., research and report on how trigonometry is applied in astronomy; attend a career fair that includes a surveyor, and describe how a surveyor applies trigonometry to calculate distances; job shadow a carpenter for a few hours, and describe how a carpenter uses trigonometry).
- MPM2D.2.4 Solving Problems Involving Surface Area and Volume, Using Imperial and Metric Systems of Measurement
- MPM2D.2.4.1 use the imperial system when solving measurement problems (e.g., problems involving dimensions of lumber, areas of carpets, and volumes of soil or concrete);
- MPM2D.2.4.2 perform everyday conversions between the imperial system and the metric system (e.g., millilitres to cups, centimetres to inches) and within these systems (e.g., cubic metres to cubic centimetres, square feet to square yards), as necessary to solve problems involving measurement (Sample problem: A vertical post is to be supported by a wooden pole, secured on the ground at an angle of elevation of 60°, and reaching 3 m up the post from its base. If wood is sold by the foot, how many feet of wood are needed to make the pole?);
- MPM2D.2.4.3 determine, through investigation, the relationship for calculating the surface area of a pyramid (e.g., use the net of a square-based pyramid to determine that the surface area is the area of the square base plus the areas of the four congruent triangles);
- MPM2D.2.4.4 solve problems involving the surface areas of prisms, pyramids, and cylinders, and the volumes of prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres, including problems involving combinations of these figures, using the metric system or the imperial system, as appropriate (Sample problem: How many cubic yards of concrete are required to pour a concrete pad measuring 10 feet by 10 feet by 1 foot? If poured concrete costs $110 per cubic yard, how much does it cost to pour a concrete driveway requiring 6 pads?).
- Introduction to surface area and volume (10-Z.4)
- Surface area of prisms and cylinders (10-Z.5)
- Surface area of pyramids and cones (10-Z.6)
- Volume of prisms and cylinders (10-Z.7)
- Volume of pyramids and cones (10-Z.8)
- Surface area and volume of spheres (10-Z.9)
- Surface area and volume review (10-Z.12)
- MPM2D.3 Modelling Linear Relations
- MPM2D.3.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.3.1.1 manipulate and solve algebraic equations, as needed to solve problems;
- Solve one-step linear equations (10-G.3)
- Solve two-step linear equations (10-G.4)
- Solve advanced linear equations (10-G.5)
- Solve equations with variables on both sides (10-G.6)
- Solve equations: complete the solution (10-G.7)
- Find the number of solutions (10-G.8)
- Create equations with no solutions or infinitely many solutions (10-G.9)
- Solve linear equations: word problems (10-G.10)
- Solve linear equations: mixed review (10-G.11)
- Solve rational equations (10-T.7)
- MPM2D.3.1.2 graph a line and write the equation of a line from given information;
- Scatter plots: line of best fit (10-I.7)
- Identify linear functions (10-L.1)
- Find the slope of a graph (10-L.2)
- Find the slope from two points (10-L.3)
- Slope-intercept form: find the slope and y-intercept (10-L.5)
- Slope-intercept form: graph an equation (10-L.6)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a graph (10-L.7)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation (10-L.8)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a table (10-L.9)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a word problem (10-L.10)
- Write linear functions to solve word problems (10-L.11)
- Complete a table and graph a linear function (10-L.12)
- Write equations in standard form (10-L.14)
- Standard form: find x- and y-intercepts (10-L.15)
- Standard form: graph an equation (10-L.16)
- Equations of horizontal and vertical lines (10-L.17)
- Graph a horizontal or vertical line (10-L.18)
- Point-slope form: graph an equation (10-L.19)
- Point-slope form: write an equation (10-L.20)
- Point-slope form: write an equation from a graph (10-L.21)
- Slopes of parallel and perpendicular lines (10-L.22)
- Write an equation for a parallel or perpendicular line (10-L.23)
- Transformations of linear functions (10-L.26)
- MPM2D.3.1.3 solve systems of two linear equations, and solve related problems that arise from realistic situations.
- Is (x, y) a solution to the system of equations? (10-M.1)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing (10-M.2)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing: word problems (10-M.3)
- Find the number of solutions to a system of equations by graphing (10-M.4)
- Find the number of solutions to a system of equations (10-M.5)
- Classify a system of equations by graphing (10-M.6)
- Classify a system of equations (10-M.7)
- Solve a system of equations using substitution (10-M.8)
- Solve a system of equations using substitution: word problems (10-M.9)
- Solve a system of equations using elimination (10-M.10)
- Solve a system of equations using elimination: word problems (10-M.11)
- Solve a system of equations using any method (10-M.12)
- Solve a system of equations using any method: word problems (10-M.13)
- MPM2D.3.2 Manipulating and Solving Algebraic Equations
- MPM2D.3.2.1 solve first-degree equations involving one variable, including equations with fractional coefficients (e.g. using the balance analogy, computer algebra systems, paper and pencil) (Sample problem: Solve x/2 + 4 = 3x – 1 and verify.);
- Model and solve equations using algebra tiles (10-G.1)
- Write and solve equations that represent diagrams (10-G.2)
- Solve one-step linear equations (10-G.3)
- Solve two-step linear equations (10-G.4)
- Solve advanced linear equations (10-G.5)
- Solve equations with variables on both sides (10-G.6)
- Solve equations: complete the solution (10-G.7)
- Find the number of solutions (10-G.8)
- Create equations with no solutions or infinitely many solutions (10-G.9)
- Solve linear equations: word problems (10-G.10)
- Solve linear equations: mixed review (10-G.11)
- MPM2D.3.2.2 determine the value of a variable in the first degree, using a formula (i.e., by isolating the variable and then substituting known values; by substituting known values and then solving for the variable) (e.g., in analytic geometry, in measurement) (Sample problem: A cone has a volume of 100 cm³. The radius of the base is 3 cm. What is the height of the cone?);
- MPM2D.3.2.3 express the equation of a line in the form y = mx + b, given the form Ax + By + C = 0.
- MPM2D.3.2.1 solve first-degree equations involving one variable, including equations with fractional coefficients (e.g. using the balance analogy, computer algebra systems, paper and pencil) (Sample problem: Solve x/2 + 4 = 3x – 1 and verify.);
- MPM2D.3.3 Graphing and Writing Equations of Lines
- MPM2D.3.3.1 connect the rate of change of a linear relation to the slope of the line, and define the slope as the ratio m = rise/run;
- MPM2D.3.3.2 identify, through investigation, y = mx + b as a common form for the equation of a straight line, and identify the special cases x = a, y = b;
- MPM2D.3.3.3 identify, through investigation with technology, the geometric significance of m and b in the equation y = mx + b;
- MPM2D.3.3.4 identify, through investigation, properties of the slopes of lines and line segments (e.g., direction, positive or negative rate of change, steepness, parallelism), using graphing technology to facilitate investigations, where appropriate;
- MPM2D.3.3.5 graph lines by hand, using a variety of techniques (e.g., graph y = 2/3x – 4 using the y-intercept and slope; graph 2x + 3y = 6 using the x- and y-intercepts);
- MPM2D.3.3.6 determine the equation of a line, given its graph, the slope and y-intercept, the slope and a point on the line, or two points on the line.
- MPM2D.3.4 Solving and Interpreting Systems of Linear Equations
- MPM2D.3.4.1 determine graphically the point of intersection of two linear relations (e.g., using graph paper, using technology) (Sample problem: Determine the point of intersection of y + 2x = –5 and y = 2/3x + 3 using an appropriate graphing technique, and verify.);
- MPM2D.3.4.2 solve systems of two linear equations involving two variables with integral coefficients, using the algebraic method of substitution or elimination (Sample problem: Solve y = 2x + 1, 3x + 2y = 16 for x and y algebraically, and verify algebraically and graphically.);
- MPM2D.3.4.3 solve problems that arise from realistic situations described in words or represented by given linear systems of two equations involving two variables, by choosing an appropriate algebraic or graphical method (Sample problem: Maria has been hired by Company A with an annual salary, S dollars, given by S = 32 500 + 500a, where a represents the number of years she has been employed by this company. Ruth has been hired by Company B with an annual salary, S dollars, given by S = 28 000 + 1000a, where a represents the number of years she has been employed by that company. Describe what the solution of this system would represent in terms of Maria’s salary and Ruth’s salary. After how many years will their salaries be the same? What will their salaries be at that time?).
- MPM2D.4 Quadratic Relations of the Form y = ax² + bx + c
- MPM2D.4.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.4.1.1 manipulate algebraic expressions, as needed to understand quadratic relations;
- Factor quadratics with leading coefficient 1 (10-P.3)
- Factor quadratics with other leading coefficients (10-P.4)
- Factor quadratics: special cases (10-P.6)
- Solve a quadratic equation using square roots (10-Q.3)
- Solve a quadratic equation using the zero product property (10-Q.4)
- Solve a quadratic equation by factoring (10-Q.5)
- Complete the square (10-Q.6)
- Solve a quadratic equation by completing the square (10-Q.7)
- Solve a quadratic equation using the quadratic formula (10-Q.8)
- Using the discriminant (10-Q.9)
- MPM2D.4.1.2 identify characteristics of quadratic relations;
- MPM2D.4.1.3 solve problems by interpreting graphs of quadratic relations.
- MPM2D.4.1.1 manipulate algebraic expressions, as needed to understand quadratic relations;
- MPM2D.4.2 Manipulating Quadratic Expressions
- MPM2D.4.2.1 expand and simplify second-degree polynomial expressions involving one variable that consist of the product of two binomials [e.g., (2x + 3)(x + 4)] or the square of a binomial [e.g., (x + 3)²], using a variety of tools (e.g., algebra tiles, diagrams, computer algebra systems, paper and pencil) and strategies (e.g. patterning);
- MPM2D.4.2.2 factor binomials (e.g., 4x² + 8x) and trinomials (e.g., 3x² + 9x – 15) involving one variable up to degree two, by determining a common factor using a variety of tools (e.g., algebra tiles, computer algebra systems, paper and pencil) and strategies (e.g., patterning);
- MPM2D.4.2.3 factor simple trinomials of the form x² + bx + c (e.g., x² + 7x + 10, x² + 2x – 8), using a variety of tools (e.g., algebra tiles, computer algebra systems, paper and pencil) and strategies (e.g., patterning);
- MPM2D.4.2.4 factor the difference of squares of the form x² – a² (e.g.,x² – 16).
- MPM2D.4.3 Identifying Characteristics of Quadratic Relations
- MPM2D.4.3.1 collect data that can be represented as a quadratic relation, from experiments using appropriate equipment and technology (e.g., concrete materials, scientific probes, graphing calculators), or from secondary sources (e.g., the Internet, Statistics Canada); graph the data and draw a curve of best fit, if appropriate, with or without the use of technology (Sample problem: Make a 1 m ramp that makes a 15° angle with the floor. Place a can 30 cm up the ramp. Record the time it takes for the can to roll to the bottom. Repeat by placing the can 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm up the ramp, and so on. Graph the data and draw the curve of best fit.);
- MPM2D.4.3.2 determine, through investigation using technology, that a quadratic relation of the form y = ax² + bx + c (a “is not equal to” 0) can be graphically represented as a parabola, and determine that the table of values yields a constant second difference (Sample problem: Graph the quadratic relation y = x² – 4, using technology. Observe the shape of the graph. Consider the corresponding table of values, and calculate the first and second differences. Repeat for a different quadratic relation. Describe your observations and make conclusions.);
- MPM2D.4.3.3 identify the key features of a graph of a parabola (i.e., the equation of the axis of symmetry, the coordinates of the vertex, the y-intercept, the zeros, and the maximum or minimum value), using a given graph or a graph generated with technology from its equation, and use the appropriate terminology to describe the features;
- MPM2D.4.3.4 compare, through investigation using technology, the graphical representations of a quadratic relation in the form y = x² + bx + c and the same relation in the factored form y = (x – r)(x – s) (i.e., the graphs are the same), and describe the connections between each algebraic representation and the graph [e.g., the y-intercept is c in the form y = x² + bx + c; the x-intercepts are r and s in the form y = (x – r)(x – s)] (Sample problem: Use a graphing calculator to compare the graphs of y = x² + 2x – 8 and y = (x + 4)(x – 2). In what way(s) are the equations related? What information about the graph can you identify by looking at each equation? Make some conclusions from your observations, and check your conclusions with a different quadratic equation.).
- MPM2D.4.4 Solving Problems by Interpreting Graphs of Quadratic Relations
- MPM2D.4.4.1 solve problems involving a quadratic relation by interpreting a given graph or a graph generated with technology from its equation (e.g., given an equation representing the height of a ball over elapsed time, use a graphing calculator or graphing software to graph the relation, and answer questions such as the following: What is the maximum height of the ball? After what length of time will the ball hit the ground? Over what time interval is the height of the ball greater than 3 m?);
- MPM2D.4.4.2 solve problems by interpreting the significance of the key features of graphs obtained by collecting experimental data involving quadratic relations (Sample problem: Roll a can up a ramp. Using a motion detector and a graphing calculator, record the motion of the can until it returns to its starting position, graph the distance from the starting position versus time, and draw the curve of best fit. Interpret the meanings of the vertex and the intercepts in terms of the experiment. Predict how the graph would change if you gave the can a harder push. Test your prediction.).
- MPM2D.4.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.3.1.1 manipulate and solve algebraic equations, as needed to solve problems;
- MPM2D.3.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.2.1.1 use their knowledge of ratio and proportion to investigate similar triangles and solve problems related to similarity;
- MPM2D.2.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.1.7.1 communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.
- MPM2D.1.6.1 create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;
- MPM2D.1.5.1 make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);
- MPM2D.1.4.1 select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;
- MPM2D.1.1.1 develop, select, apply, and compare a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;
- MPM2D.1.1 Problem Solving
10.MPM2D Principles of Mathematics (Academic)
- MPM2D.1 Mathematical process expectations.
- MPM2D.1.1 Problem Solving
- MPM2D.1.1.1 develop, select, apply, and compare a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;
- Solve advanced linear equations (10-G.5)
- Solve advanced linear inequalities (10-H.10)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a word problem (10-L.10)
- Write linear functions to solve word problems (10-L.11)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing: word problems (10-M.3)
- Solve a system of equations using substitution: word problems (10-M.9)
- Solve a system of equations using elimination: word problems (10-M.11)
- Solve a system of equations using any method: word problems (10-M.13)
- Area of compound figures (10-Y.8)
- MPM2D.1.2 Reasoning and Proving
- MPM2D.1.2.1 develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., recognition of relationships, generalization through inductive reasoning, use of counter-examples) to make mathematical conjectures, assess conjectures, and justify conclusions, and plan and construct organized mathematical arguments;
- MPM2D.1.3 Reflecting
- MPM2D.1.3.1 demonstrate that they are reflecting on and monitoring their thinking to help clarify their understanding as they complete an investigation or solve a problem (e.g., by assessing the effectiveness of strategies and processes used, by proposing alternative approaches, by judging the reasonableness of results, by verifying solutions);
- MPM2D.1.4 Selecting Tools and Computational Strategies
- MPM2D.1.4.1 select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;
- Number lines (10-A.12)
- Coordinate plane review (10-F.1)
- Distance between two points (10-F.3)
- Model and solve equations using algebra tiles (10-G.1)
- Write and solve equations that represent diagrams (10-G.2)
- Domain and range of relations (10-J.2)
- Interpret the graph of a function: word problems (10-J.11)
- Identify proportional relationships (10-K.1)
- Find the constant of variation (10-K.2)
- Add and subtract polynomials using algebra tiles (10-O.3)
- Factor quadratics using algebra tiles (10-P.5)
- Construct an angle bisector (10-X.1)
- Construct a congruent angle (10-X.2)
- Cross-sections of three-dimensional figures (10-Z.13)
- Solids of revolution (10-Z.14)
- MPM2D.1.5 Connecting
- MPM2D.1.5.1 make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);
- GCF and LCM: word problems (10-A.5)
- Solve linear equations: word problems (10-G.10)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a word problem (10-L.10)
- Write linear functions to solve word problems (10-L.11)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing: word problems (10-M.3)
- Solve a system of equations using substitution: word problems (10-M.9)
- Solve a system of equations using elimination: word problems (10-M.11)
- Solve a system of equations using any method: word problems (10-M.13)
- Add polynomials to find perimeter (10-O.5)
- Pythagorean Theorem (10-DD.1)
- MPM2D.1.6 Representing
- MPM2D.1.6.1 create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;
- Write and solve equations that represent diagrams (10-G.2)
- Graph inequalities (10-H.1)
- Write inequalities from graphs (10-H.2)
- Graph solutions to one-step linear inequalities (10-H.7)
- Graph solutions to two-step linear inequalities (10-H.9)
- Graph solutions to advanced linear inequalities (10-H.11)
- Graph compound inequalities (10-H.12)
- Write compound inequalities from graphs (10-H.13)
- Graph solutions to compound inequalities (10-H.15)
- Relations: convert between tables, graphs, mappings and lists of points (10-J.1)
- Complete a function table from a graph (10-J.9)
- Complete a function table from an equation (10-J.10)
- Graph a proportional relationship (10-K.3)
- Write direct variation equations (10-K.4)
- Write and solve direct variation equations (10-K.5)
- Write inverse variation equations (10-K.7)
- Slope-intercept form: graph an equation (10-L.6)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a graph (10-L.7)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation (10-L.8)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a table (10-L.9)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a word problem (10-L.10)
- Complete a table and graph a linear function (10-L.12)
- Standard form: graph an equation (10-L.16)
- Graph a horizontal or vertical line (10-L.18)
- Point-slope form: graph an equation (10-L.19)
- Point-slope form: write an equation from a graph (10-L.21)
- Write an equation for a parallel or perpendicular line (10-L.23)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing (10-M.2)
- Solve a system of equations by graphing: word problems (10-M.3)
- Find the number of solutions to a system of equations by graphing (10-M.4)
- Model polynomials with algebra tiles (10-O.2)
- Add and subtract polynomials using algebra tiles (10-O.3)
- Describe linear and exponential growth and decay (10-S.6)
- MPM2D.1.7 Communicating
- MPM2D.1.7.1 communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.
- Find the number of solutions (10-G.8)
- Identify solutions to inequalities (10-H.3)
- Identify independent and dependent variables (10-J.3)
- Identify functions (10-J.4)
- Identify functions: vertical line test (10-J.5)
- Identify proportional relationships (10-K.1)
- Identify direct variation and inverse variation (10-K.6)
- Identify monomials (10-N.1)
- Polynomial vocabulary (10-O.1)
- Identify linear, quadratic and exponential functions from graphs (10-S.1)
- Identify linear, quadratic and exponential functions from tables (10-S.2)
- Polygon vocabulary (10-Y.1)
- Classify quadrilaterals (10-Y.12)
- Three-dimensional figure vocabulary (10-Z.1)
- Parts of three-dimensional figures (10-Z.2)
- Nets and drawings of three-dimensional figures (10-Z.3)
- Classify triangles (10-BB.1)
- Identify medians, altitudes, angle bisectors and perpendicular bisectors (10-BB.5)
- Dilations: scale factor and classification (10-FF.15)
- MPM2D.2 Quadratic Relations of the Form y = ax² + bx + c
- MPM2D.2.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.2.1.1 determine the basic properties of quadratic relations;
- MPM2D.2.1.2 relate transformations of the graph of y = x² to the algebraic representation y = a(x – h)² + k;
- MPM2D.2.1.3 solve quadratic equations and interpret the solutions with respect to the corresponding relations;
- Solve a quadratic equation using square roots (10-Q.3)
- Solve a quadratic equation using the zero product property (10-Q.4)
- Solve a quadratic equation by factoring (10-Q.5)
- Complete the square (10-Q.6)
- Solve a quadratic equation by completing the square (10-Q.7)
- Solve a quadratic equation using the quadratic formula (10-Q.8)
- Using the discriminant (10-Q.9)
- MPM2D.2.1.4 solve problems involving quadratic relations.
- Solve a quadratic equation using square roots (10-Q.3)
- Solve a quadratic equation using the zero product property (10-Q.4)
- Solve a quadratic equation by factoring (10-Q.5)
- Complete the square (10-Q.6)
- Solve a quadratic equation by completing the square (10-Q.7)
- Solve a quadratic equation using the quadratic formula (10-Q.8)
- Using the discriminant (10-Q.9)
- MPM2D.2.2 Investigating the Basic Properties of Quadratic Relations
- MPM2D.2.2.1 collect data that can be represented as a quadratic relation, from experiments using appropriate equipment and technology (e.g., concrete materials, scientific probes, graphing calculators), or from secondary sources (e.g., the Internet, Statistics Canada); graph the data and draw a curve of best fit, if appropriate, with or without the use of technology (Sample problem: Make a 1 m ramp that makes a 15° angle with the floor. Place a can 30 cm up the ramp. Record the time it takes for the can to roll to the bottom. Repeat by placing the can 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm up the ramp, and so on. Graph the data and draw the curve of best fit.);
- MPM2D.2.2.2 determine, through investigation with and without the use of technology, that a quadratic relation of the form y = ax² + bx + c (a “not equal to” 0) can be graphically represented as a parabola, and that the table of values yields a constant second difference (Sample problem: Graph the relation y = x² – 4x by developing a table of values and plotting points. Observe the shape of the graph. Calculate first and second differences. Repeat for different quadratic relations. Describe your observations and make conclusions, using the appropriate terminology.);
- MPM2D.2.2.3 identify the key features of a graph of a parabola (i.e., the equation of the axis of symmetry, the coordinates of the vertex, the y-intercept, the zeros, and the maximum or minimum value), and use the appropriate terminology to describe them;
- MPM2D.2.2.4 compare, through investigation using technology, the features of the graph of y = x² and the graph of y = 2 to the x power, and determine the meaning of a negative exponent and of zero as an exponent (e.g., by examining patterns in a table of values for y = 2 to the x power; by applying the exponent rules for multiplication and division).
- MPM2D.2.3 Relating the Graph of y = x² and Its Transformations
- MPM2D.2.3.1 identify, through investigation using technology, the effect on the graph of y = x² of transformations (i.e., translations, reflections in the x-axis, vertical stretches or compressions) by considering separately each parameter a, h, and k [i.e., investigate the effect on the graph of y = x² of a, h, and k in y = x² + k, y = (x – h)², and y = ax²];
- MPM2D.2.3.2 explain the roles of a, h, and k in y = a(x – h)² + k, using the appropriate terminology to describe the transformations, and identify the vertex and the equation of the axis of symmetry;
- MPM2D.2.3.3 sketch, by hand, the graph of y = a(x – h)² + k by applying transformations to the graph of y = x² [Sample problem: Sketch the graph of y =– 1/2(x – 3)² + 4, and verify using technology.];
- MPM2D.2.3.4 determine the equation, in the form y = a(x – h)² + k, of a given graph of a parabola.
- MPM2D.2.4 Solving Quadratic Equations
- MPM2D.2.4.1 expand and simplify second-degree polynomial expressions [e.g., (2x + 5)², (2x – y)(x + 3y)], using a variety of tools (e.g., algebra tiles, diagrams, computer algebra systems, paper and pencil) and strategies (e.g., patterning);
- MPM2D.2.4.2 factor polynomial expressions involving common factors, trinomials, and differences of squares [e.g., 2x² + 4x, 2x – 2y + ax – ay, x² – x – 6, 2a² + 11a + 5, 4x² – 25], using a variety of tools (e.g., concrete materials, computer algebra systems, paper and pencil) and strategies (e.g., patterning);
- GCF of monomials (10-P.1)
- Factor out a monomial (10-P.2)
- Factor quadratics with leading coefficient 1 (10-P.3)
- Factor quadratics with other leading coefficients (10-P.4)
- Factor quadratics using algebra tiles (10-P.5)
- Factor quadratics: special cases (10-P.6)
- Factor by grouping (10-P.7)
- Factor polynomials (10-P.8)
- MPM2D.2.4.3 determine, through investigation, and describe the connection between the factors of a quadratic expression and the x-intercepts (i.e., the zeros) of the graph of the corresponding quadratic relation, expressed in the form y = a(x – r)(x – s);
- MPM2D.2.4.4 interpret real and non-real roots of quadratic equations, through investigation using graphing technology, and relate the roots to the x-intercepts of the corresponding relations;
- MPM2D.2.4.5 express y = ax² + bx + c in the form y = a(x – h)² + k by completing the square in situations involving no fractions, using a variety of tools (e.g. concrete materials, diagrams, paper and pencil);
- MPM2D.2.4.6 sketch or graph a quadratic relation whose equation is given in the form y = ax² + bx + c, using a variety of methods (e.g., sketching y = x² – 2x – 8 using intercepts and symmetry; sketching y = 3x² – 12x + 1 by completing the square and applying transformations; graphing h = –4.9t² + 50t + 1.5 using technology);
- MPM2D.2.4.7 explore the algebraic development of the quadratic formula (e.g., given the algebraic development, connect the steps to a numerical example; follow a demonstration of the algebraic development [student reproduction of the development of the general case is not required]);
- MPM2D.2.4.8 solve quadratic equations that have real roots, using a variety of methods (i.e., factoring, using the quadratic formula, graphing) (Sample problem: Solve x² + 10x + 16 = 0 by factoring, and verify algebraically. Solve x² + x – 4 = 0 using the quadratic formula, and verify graphically using technology. Solve –4.9t² + 50t + 1.5 = 0 by graphing h = –4.9t² + 50t + 1.5 using technology.).
- Solve a quadratic equation using square roots (10-Q.3)
- Solve a quadratic equation using the zero product property (10-Q.4)
- Solve a quadratic equation by factoring (10-Q.5)
- Solve a quadratic equation by completing the square (10-Q.7)
- Solve a quadratic equation using the quadratic formula (10-Q.8)
- Using the discriminant (10-Q.9)
- MPM2D.2.5 Solving Problems Involving Quadratic Relations
- MPM2D.2.5.1 determine the zeros and the maximum or minimum value of a quadratic relation from its graph (i.e., using graphing calculators or graphing software) or from its defining equation (i.e., by applying algebraic techniques);
- MPM2D.2.5.2 solve problems arising from a realistic situation represented by a graph or an equation of a quadratic relation, with and without the use of technology (e.g., given the graph or the equation of a quadratic relation representing the height of a ball over elapsed time, answer questions such as the following: What is the maximum height of the ball? After what length of time will the ball hit the ground? Over what time interval is the height of the ball greater than 3 m?).
- MPM2D.3 Analytic Geometry
- MPM2D.3.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.3.1.1 model and solve problems involving the intersection of two straight lines;
- MPM2D.3.1.2 solve problems using analytic geometry involving properties of lines and line segments;
- Coordinate plane review (10-F.1)
- Midpoints (10-F.2)
- Distance between two points (10-F.3)
- Scatter plots: line of best fit (10-I.7)
- Find the slope from two points (10-L.3)
- Slope-intercept form: write an equation from a graph (10-L.7)
- Write linear functions to solve word problems (10-L.11)
- Point-slope form: write an equation from a graph (10-L.21)
- Write an equation for a parallel or perpendicular line (10-L.23)
- Find the distance between a point and a line (10-L.24)
- Find the distance between two parallel lines (10-L.25)
- Dilations and parallel lines (10-FF.16)
- MPM2D.3.1.3 verify geometric properties of triangles and quadrilaterals, using analytic geometry.
- MPM2D.3.2 Using Linear Systems to Solve Problems
- MPM2D.3.2.1 solve systems of two linear equations involving two variables, using the algebraic method of substitution or elimination (Sample problem: Solve y = 1/2x – 5, 3x + 2y = –2 for x and y algebraically, and verify algebraically and graphically);
- MPM2D.3.2.2 solve problems that arise from realistic situations described in words or represented by linear systems of two equations involving two variables, by choosing an appropriate algebraic or graphical method (Sample problem: The Robotics Club raised $5000 to build a robot for a future competition. The club invested part of the money in an account that paid 4% annual interest, and the rest in a government bond that paid 3.5% simple interest per year. After one year, the club earned a total of $190 in interest. How much was invested at each rate? Verify your result.).
- MPM2D.3.3 Solving Problems Involving Properties of Line Segments
- MPM2D.3.3.1 develop the formula for the midpoint of a line segment, and use this formula to solve problems (e.g., determine the coordinates of the midpoints of the sides of a triangle, given the coordinates of the vertices, and verify concretely or by using dynamic geometry software);
- MPM2D.3.3.2 develop the formula for the length of a line segment, and use this formula to solve problems (e.g., determine the lengths of the line segments joining the midpoints of the sides of a triangle, given the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle, and verify using dynamic geometry software);
- MPM2D.3.3.3 develop the equation for a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius r, by applying the formula for the length of a line segment;
- MPM2D.3.3.4 Determine the radius of a circle with centre (0, 0), given its equation; write the equation of a circle with centre (0, 0), given the radius; and sketch the circle, given the equation in the form x² + y² = r²;
- MPM2D.3.3.5 solve problems involving the slope, length, and midpoint of a line segment (e.g., determine the equation of the right bisector of a line segment, given the coordinates of the endpoints; determine the distance from a given point to a line whose equation is given, and verify using dynamic geometry software).
- MPM2D.3.4 Using Analytic Geometry to Verify Geometric Properties
- MPM2D.3.4.1 determine, through investigation (e.g., using dynamic geometry software, by paper folding), some characteristics and properties of geometric figures (e.g., medians in a triangle, similar figures constructed on the sides of a right triangle);
- MPM2D.3.4.2 verify, using algebraic techniques and analytic geometry, some characteristics of geometric figures (e.g., verify that two lines are perpendicular, given the coordinates of two points on each line; verify, by determining side length, that a triangle is equilateral, given the coordinates of the vertices);
- Slopes of parallel and perpendicular lines (10-L.22)
- Write an equation for a parallel or perpendicular line (10-L.23)
- Area and perimeter in the coordinate plane I (10-Y.5)
- Area and perimeter in the coordinate plane II (10-Y.6)
- Properties of parallelograms (10-Y.14)
- SSS Theorem in the coordinate plane (10-AA.8)
- MPM2D.3.4.3 plan and implement a multi-step strategy that uses analytic geometry and algebraic techniques to verify a geometric property (e.g., given the coordinates of the vertices of a triangle, verify that the line segment joining the midpoints of two sides of the triangle is parallel to the third side and half its length, and check using dynamic geometry software; given the coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle, verify that the diagonals of the rectangle bisect each other).
- MPM2D.4 Trigonometry
- MPM2D.4.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.4.1.1 use their knowledge of ratio and proportion to investigate similar triangles and solve problems related to similarity;
- Identify similar figures (10-CC.1)
- Similarity ratios (10-CC.2)
- Similarity statements (10-CC.3)
- Side lengths and angle measures in similar figures (10-CC.4)
- Similar triangles and indirect measurement (10-CC.5)
- Perimeters of similar figures (10-CC.6)
- Similarity rules for triangles (10-CC.7)
- Similar triangles and similarity transformations (10-CC.8)
- MPM2D.4.1.2 solve problems involving right triangles, using the primary trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem;
- MPM2D.4.1.3 solve problems involving acute triangles, using the sine law and the cosine law.
- MPM2D.4.1.1 use their knowledge of ratio and proportion to investigate similar triangles and solve problems related to similarity;
- MPM2D.4.2 Investigating Similarity and Solving Problems Involving Similar Triangles
- MPM2D.4.2.1 verify, through investigation (e.g., using dynamic geometry software, concrete materials), the properties of similar triangles (e.g., given similar triangles, verify the equality of corresponding angles and the proportionality of corresponding sides);
- MPM2D.4.2.2 describe and compare the concepts of similarity and congruence;
- Congruence statements and corresponding parts (10-AA.2)
- Solve problems involving corresponding parts (10-AA.3)
- Identify congruent figures (10-AA.4)
- SSS and SAS Theorems (10-AA.5)
- ASA and AAS Theorems (10-AA.6)
- SSS, SAS, ASA and AAS Theorems (10-AA.7)
- Congruency in isosceles and equilateral triangles (10-AA.9)
- Identify similar figures (10-CC.1)
- Similar triangles and indirect measurement (10-CC.5)
- Similarity rules for triangles (10-CC.7)
- Similar triangles and similarity transformations (10-CC.8)
- MPM2D.4.2.3 solve problems involving similar triangles in realistic situations (e.g., shadows, reflections, scale models, surveying) (Sample problem: Use a metre stick to determine the height of a tree, by means of the similar triangles formed by the tree, the metre stick, and their shadows.).
- MPM2D.4.3 Solving Problems Involving the Trigonometry of Right Triangles
- MPM2D.4.3.1 determine, through investigation (e.g., using dynamic geometry software, concrete materials), the relationship between the ratio of two sides in a right triangle and the ratio of the two corresponding sides in a similar right triangle, and define the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios (e.g., sin A = opposite/hypotenuse);
- MPM2D.4.3.2 determine the measures of the sides and angles in right triangles, using the primary trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem;
- MPM2D.4.3.3 solve problems involving the measures of sides and angles in right triangles in real-life applications (e.g., in surveying, in navigating, in determining the height of an inaccessible object around the school), using the primary trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean theorem.
- MPM2D.4.4 Solving Problems Involving the Trigonometry of Acute Triangles
- MPM2D.4.4.1 explore the development of the sine law within acute triangles (e.g., use dynamic geometry software to determine that the ratio of the side lengths equals the ratio of the sines of the opposite angles; follow the algebraic development of the sine law and identify the application of solving systems of equations [student reproduction of the development of the formula is not required]);
- MPM2D.4.4.2 explore the development of the cosine law within acute triangles (e.g., use dynamic geometry software to verify the cosine law; follow the algebraic development of the cosine law and identify its relationship to the Pythagorean theorem and the cosine ratio [student reproduction of the development of the formula is not required]);
- MPM2D.4.4.3 determine the measures of sides and angles in acute triangles, using the sine law and the cosine law (Sample problem: In triangle ABC, angle A = 35°, angle B = 65°, and AC = 18 cm. Determine BC. Check your result using dynamic geometry software.);
- MPM2D.4.4.4 solve problems involving the measures of sides and angles in acute triangles.
- MPM2D.4.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.3.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.2.1 Overall Expectations
- MPM2D.1.7.1 communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.
- MPM2D.1.6.1 create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;
- MPM2D.1.5.1 make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);
- MPM2D.1.4.1 select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;
- MPM2D.1.1.1 develop, select, apply, and compare a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;
- MPM2D.1.1 Problem Solving
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